Language disorders in children with epilepsy
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Describe the main speech disorders found among children with epilepsy and their most common causes.
METHODS: The databases PubMed, SciELO and EBSCO were used to search for reference papers, mainly publications from the last five years (2013 to 2018) written in Spanish, English or French. Attention was paid to documents containing original information.
RESULTS: Among people with epilepsy, the so-called "specific speech disorders" are the most commonly diagnosed. These are mainly due to epilepsy itself, abnormal brain electrical activity, the origin of epilepsy and the treatment. On occasion, other dysfunctions are added which may also occur in people without epilepsy, among them psycholinguistic alterations or damage to speech organs (hearing and speaking).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with epilepsy have a high risk of presenting speech difficulties. Organization of the diagnostic method is crucial to define the cause, modify the prognosis and timely determine whether a difficulty is a specific speech disorder. The main complementary tests to be indicated are audiometry, brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials, electroencephalography, psychological evaluation and brain imaging.
Keywords
References
Pozo Alonso A. Epilepsia. En: Pediatría. Diagnóstico y tratamiento. 3ra. ed. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Médicas; 2016. p. 275-80.
Myers KA, Scheffer IE. GRIN2A-Related Speech Disorders and Epilepsy. En: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 2016 [citado: 05 de septiembre de 2017]. Disponible en: https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK385627/
Carvill GL, Regan BM, Yendle SC, O'Roak BJ, Lozovaya N, Bruneau N, et al. GRIN2A mutations cause epilepsy-aphasia spectrum disorders. Nat Genet. 2013;45(9):1073-6.
Pierson TM, Yuan H, Marsh ED, Fuentes-Fajardo K, Adams DR, Markello T, et al. GRIN2A mutation and early-onset epileptic encephalopathy: personalized therapy with memantine. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1(3):190-8.
Cohen BH, Chinnery PF, Copeland WC. POLG-Related Disorders. En: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 2016 [citado: 1 de marzo de 2018]. Disponible en: https://preiew.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301791
Mucha B, Hennekam RCM, Sisodiya S, Campeau PM. TBC1D24-Related Disorders. En: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 2016 [citado: 7 de diciembre de 2017]. Disponible en: https:// preiew.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25719194
García García RJ. Discapacidad en el adolescente epiléptico [CD-ROM]. En: I Congreso Cubano y II Seminario Iberoamericano de Salud Integral en la Adolescencia. La Habana 28 de octubre al 1 de noviembre de 2002. La Habana: SOFCAL;
Campos-Castelló J. Epilepsia y trastornos del lenguaje. Rev Neurol. 2000;30(Supl 1):S89-94.
Jeong Lee Y, Kyeong Hwang S, Kwon S. The Clinical Spectrum of Benign Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes: a Challenge in Categorization and Predictability. J Epilepsy Res. 2017;7(1):1-6.
Besenyei M, Varga E, Fekete I. EEG background activity is abnormal in the temporal and inferior parietal cortex in benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood: a LORETA study. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2012;98(1):44-9.
Pesantez-Ríos G, Martínez-Bermejo A, Pesantez-Cuesta G. Neuropsychological alterations are frequent in rolandic epilepsy and its atypical developments. Rev Neurol. 2016;63(3):125-9.
Kanemura H, Sano F, Aoyagi K, Sugita K, Aihara M. Do sequential EEG changes predict atypical clinical features in rolandic epilepsy? Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(10):912-7.
Van Klink NE, van 't Klooster MA, Leijten FS, Jacobs J, Braun KP, Zijlmans M. Ripples on rolandic spikes: a marker of epilepsy severity. Epilepsia. 2016;57(7):1179-89.
Depienne C, Gourfinkel-An I, Baulac S, LeGuern E. Genes in infantile epileptic encephalopathies. En: Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, editors. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies [Internet]. 4th edition. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012. [citado: 4 de febrero de 2017]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98182
Reinthaler EM, Lal D, Jurkowski W. Analysis of ELP4, SRPX2, and interacting genes in typical and atypical rolandic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014;55(8):83-93.
Lemke JR, Lal D, Reinthaler EM. Mutations in GRIN2A cause idiopathic focal epilepsy with rolandic spikes. Nat Genet. 2013;45:1067-72.
Liu YT, Nian FS, Chou WJ. PRRT2 mutations lead to neuronal dysfunction and neurodevelopmental defects. Oncotarget. 2016;7(26):39184-96.
Djémié T, Weckhuysen S, Holmgren P, Hardies K, Van Dyck T, Hendrickx R, et al. PRRT2 mutations: exploring the phenotypical boundaries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry [Internet]. 2014 [citado: 5 de octubre de 2017];85:462-5. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-305122
Lesca G, Rudolf G, Bruneau N. GRIN2A mutations in acquired epileptic aphasia and related childhood focal epilepsies and encephalopathies with speech and language dysfunction. Nat Genet. 2013;45:1061-6.
Allen NM, Conroy J, Deonna T. Atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood with acquired neurocognitive, lexical semantic and autistic spectrum disorder. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2016; 6:42-8.
Fainberg N, Harper A, Tchapyjnikov D, Mikati MA. Response to immunotherapy in a patient with Landau-Kleffner syndrome and GRIN2A mutation. Epileptic Disord. 2016;18:97-100.
Dimassi S, Labalme A, Lesca G. A subset of genomic alterations detected in rolandic epilepsies contains candidate or known epilepsy genes including GRIN2A and PRRT2. Epilepsia. 2014; 55(2):370-8.
Riccio CA, Vidrine SM, Cohen MJ, Acosta-Cotte D, Park Y. Neurocognitive and behavioral profiles of children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome. App Neuropsychol Child. 2016;6(4):1-10.
Caraballo RH, Veggiotti P, Kaltenmeier MC. Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during sleep or continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep syndrome: a multicenter, long-term follow-up study of 117 patients. Epilepsy Res. 2013;105(1-2):164-73.
Swayamprabha N, Morse RP, Mott SH, Burroughs SA, Holmes GL. Transitory Effect of Spike and Spike-and-Wave Discharges on EEG Power in Children. Brain Dev. 2014;36(6):505-9.
Tassinari CA, Rubboli G. Cognition and paroxysmal EEG activities: from a single spike to electrical status epilepticus during sleep. Epilepsia. 2006;47(Suppl 2):40-3.
Dilip Desai S, Patel D, Bharani S, Kharod N. Opercular syndrome: A case report and review. J Pediatric Neurosc. 2013;8(2):123-5.
Praveen KS. Bilateral Opercular Syndrome. A case report and minireview. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(6):MD03-MD04.
Foix C, Chavany JA, Marie J. Diplegie facio-linguomasticatrice d'origine cortico-sous-cortical sans paralysie des members. Revue Neurologique. 1926;33:214-9.
García García RJ. Epilepsia y comorbilidad. En: Morales Chacón L y Kochen S. Epilepsias en el primer nivel de atención de salud. Buenos Aires: OPS-ILAE Cuba; 2017. p. 121-34.
Sung Koo Ki. Recent update of autism spectrum disorders. Korean J Pediatr. 2015;58(1):8-14.
Guglielmi L, Servettini I, Caramia M, Catacuzzeno L, Franciolini F, Cristina D'Adamo M, et al. Update on the implication of potassium channels in autism: K+ channel autism spectrum disorder. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9(34):1-14.
Parmeggiani A, Barcia G, Posar A, Raimond E, Santucci M, Scaduto MC. Epilepsy and EEG paroxysmal abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Dev. 2010;32(9):783-9.
Tuchman R, Alessandri M, Cuccaro M. Autism spectrum disorders and epilepsy: Moving towards a comprehensive approach to treatment. Brain Dev. 2010;32(9):719-30.
Brooks-Kayal A. Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders: Are there common developmental mechanisms? Brain Dev. 2010;32(9):731-8.
Muñoz-Yunta JA, Palau-Baduell M, Salvadó-Salvadó B, Valls Santasusana A, Rosendo-Moreno N, Clofent-Torrentó M, et al. Autismo, epilepsia y genética. Rev Neurol. 2008;64(Supl 1):S71-7.
Talat MA, Ahmed A, Mohammed L. Serum levels of zinc and copper in epileptic children during long term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurosciences. 2015;20(4):341-5.
Campistol J. Orientación diagnóstica de las enfermedades neurometabólicas basada en la clínica, estudios metabólicos y neurometabólicos. Medicina (Buenos Aires). 2013;73(Supl. I):55-62.
Patil SA, Maegawa GHB. Developing therapeutic approaches for metachromatic leukodystrophy. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2013;7:729-45.
Hilgers A, Schaefer M. Systematic Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring of Patients Under Newer Antiepileptic Drugs Using Routine Clinical Data of Inpatients. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2016;3(2):209-21.
García-Peñas JJ, Fournier-del Castillo MC, Domínguez-Carral J. Epilepsia y cognición: el papel de los fármacos antiepilépticos. Rev Neurol. 2014;58(Supl 1):537-42.
Ijff DN, Aldenkamp AP. Cognitive side-effects on antiepileptic drugs in children. Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;111:707-18.
Handelsman JA, Van Riper LA, Lesperance MM. Early detection and diagnosis of infant hearing impairment. En: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 191.
Kileny PR, Zwolan TA. Diagnostic audiology. En: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 133.
Leite RA, Wertzner HF, Goncalves IC, Magliaro FC, Matas CG. Auditory evoked potentials: predicting speech therapy outcomes in children with phonological disorders. Clinics. 2014;69(3):212-8.
Moreno-Flagge N. Trastornos del lenguaje. Diagnóstico y tratamiento. Rev Neurol. 2013;57(Supl 1):S85-94.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
