Nucleus Globus Pallidus and Its Relevance in Movement Disorder Surgery
Keywords:
globus pallidus, basal ganglia, functional neurosurgery, movement disorders, Parkinson's disease, pallidotomyAbstract
Introduction: The globus pallidus nucleus is a structure part of the basal ganglia and is involved in carrying out movements.
Objective: To substantiate the reasons why the globus pallidus nucleus is selected as a surgical target for some diseases that present with movement disorders.
Evidence acquisition: A bibliographic review (UptoDate, NCBI, Pubmed, Scielo and EBSCO) of more than 35 articles in Spanish and English related to globus pallidus nucleus was carried out, including anatomical nomenclatures, texts and atlases describing it, its structural organization, normal and pathological functioning and implications in the practice of Functional Neurosurgery. Most were published from 2016 to date.
Results: Anatomically, globus pallidus is considered as a structure that belongs to the so-called basal ganglia together with the caudate, putamen, substantia nigra (reticulate and compact parts) and the subthalamic nucleus. An internal medullary lamina divides it into the external globus pallidus and the internal globus pallidus. By taking these two portions into account, the designed functional models of the basal ganglia give it a dual role in the control of movement. The internal portion (internal globus pallidus) is justified as a surgical target for both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Conclusions: The anatomical and functional connections of both portions of the globus pallidus and their role in the direct and indirect pathways of movement control, as well as in the pathophysiology characterized by an environment with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, justify its use as a surgical target in some diseases with movement disorders, by modifying the influence of these pathways on the activity of the motor thalamus.Downloads
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