Neurocognitive functions in children aged 6 to 11 years with blood lead levels in an educational institution in Malambo-Atlántico, Colombia
Keywords:
Intoxicación por plomo, Alteraciones neurocognitivas, Básica primariaAbstract
Introduction: lead, considered a highly toxic metal, constitutes a relevant public health problem due to its impact on vulnerable populations, especially in childhood. Exposure, even at low concentrations, has been associated with neurocognitive, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Objective: to determine the neurocognitive alterations that may be associated with blood lead levels in children aged 6-11 years schooled in an educational institution in Malambo-Atlántico.
Methods: the sample consisted of 20 students belonging to the transition and primary grades of an educational institution located near battery recycling factories who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, to whom blood tests were applied to identify lead (Pb) levels, the ENI Child Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC-III, the Behaviour Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (BASC) for parents and teachers, the MINI Kid International Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents and a neurological medical interview.
Results: 70 % of the children tested had blood lead levels compatible with a toxicological diagnosis of intoxication. Those with blood lead levels ≥10 μg/dL showed significant impairment in neurocognitive functions, particularly in Cognitive Flexibility, manifesting a lower number of correct answers, as well as an increase in errors and perseverative responses. In addition, behaviors such as atypicality, isolation and hyperactivity and a differential symptom of nausea and vomiting were identified. The most frequent symptoms reported in the 2 groups included behavioral problems, irritability, abdominal pain and learning problems.
Conclusions: the performance of children with lead levels equal to or greater than 10 μg/dL is lower than that of children with levels less than 10 μg/dL on tests involving executive functions such as cognitive flexibility.
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