Prognostic factors of mortality in adult patients with non-traumatic intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage

Abstract

Objective: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of recognized prognostic factors for mortality in adult patients admitted with non-traumatic intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage at the Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital, Santiago de Cuba, from January 2019 to December 2022. Methods: The sample consisted of 270 patients (128 alive and 142 deceased), in which different variables were analyzed: age, sex, personal medical history, initial symptom, Glasgow Coma Scale baseline, volume and location of hemorrhage,  neurological and non-neurological complications, all of which were compared with the patient's condition at discharge: alive or deceased. The central tendency of the quantitative variables was estimated, including the smallest and largest values, and was summarized in ranges. To evaluate the association between the variables and discharge status, the Pearson Chi-square test was used. Results: The factors that were associated with mortality in our series were: loss of consciousness as an initial symptom, the initial Glasgow Coma Scale in ranges of 3-5 points, localized hemorrhages in the brainstem or primary intraventricular, the hematoma volume greater than 60 ml, midline displacement ≥10mm, cerebral edema, and hemoventricle as neurological complications. Conclusions: There is a behavior of mortality prognostic factors similar to that reported internationally for adult patients with intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage. The early identification of these factors should be a priority for health personnel to establish strategies that minimize their effects, reduce mortality, and promote patient recovery.