Electroencephalographic findings in patients with specific language development disorder
Keywords:
Electroencephalography, Epileptiform discharges, Development of language disordersAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and characteristics of the alterations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of a group of children with specific language development disorder (SLD).
METHODS: EEG was performed in children’s with SLD on spontaneous sleep for about 30 minutes with a 32-channel digital equipment. The signal was obtained with a sampling frequency of 200 Hz and bandwidth filters of 0.5-30 Hz. Each study included 19 surface electrodes according to the international 10-20 system were used. For reference, shorted electrodes placed on both earlobes were used. The visual analysis of EEG evaluated presence of these variables: interictal epileptiform discharges, type, topography, lateralization, propagation.
RESULTS: 75 patients, 58 males were studied with SLD. The EEG was abnormal in 89.3 % of patients of which 92.5% had focal interictal epileptiform discharges. The left fronto-temporal region was the most affected. 7.5 % concomitant focal slow activity in the presence of epileptiform activity in all cases this activity was located on the temporal regions.
CONCLUSIONS: The interictal epileptiform discharges with a predominant localization of language-related areas are more common in children with SLD. This data suggests that given the semiology of epileptiform discharges, the imposition of a therapeutic for deletion or modification of such discharges can lead to beneficial results.
Downloads
References
1. Bishop D, Leonard L. Speech and language impairments in children: causes, characteristics, intervention and outcome. Oxford: Psychology Press; 2001.
2. Leonard L. Children with specific language impairment. 4 ed. Boston: MIT Press; 2002.
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
4. Parrilla Muñoz R, Sierra Córcoles C. Trastornos del lenguaje. Bol SPAO. 2010;4(3):89-107.
5. García-Peña JJ. Interictal epileptiform discharges and cognitive impairment in children. Rev Neurol. 2011;52 (Supl 1):S43-S52.
6. Binnie CD. Significance and management of transitory cognitive impairment due to subclinical EEG discharges in children. Brain Dev. 1993;15:2330.
7. Van Bogaert P, Urbain C, Galer S, Ligot N, Peigneux P, De Tiège X. Impact of focal interictal epileptiform discharges in behavior and cognition in children. Neurophysiol Clin. 2012;42:53-8.
8. Rios L, Díaz A. Efecto de las descargas epileptiformes interictales sobre los procesos cognitivos del niño. Rev Chilena Epilepsia. 2008;1:20-6.
9. Eeg-Olofsson O, Petersen I, Selldén U. The development of the electroencephalogram in children from the age 1 through 15. Neuropediatrics. 1971;3:375-404.
10. Cavazzuti GB, Capella L, Nalin A. Longitudinal study of epileptiform EEG patterns in normal children. Epilepsia. 1980;21:43-55.
11. Quintana-Hernández D, Aguilar-Fabré L, Lantigua-Cruz AP, Tasé-Ávila D, Calixto-Robert X, Contreras-Roura J et al. Características electroencefalográficas de niños con trastornos en el desarrollo del lenguaje con o sin histidinemia. Rev Cubana Neurol Neurocir. [Internet] 2013 [citado 20.8.2014];3(2):117–21. Disponible en: http://www.revneuro.sld.cu/index.php/neu/article/view/165
12. Overvliet GM. Besseling RMH, Vles JSH, Hofman PAM, Backes WH, van Hall MHJA, Klinkenberg S, et al. Nocturnal epileptiforms EEG discharges, nocturnal epileptic seizures, and language impairments in children: Review of the literature. Epilepsy Beh. 2010;19(4):550–8.
13. Parry-Fielder B, Collins K, Fisher J, Keir E, Anderson V, Jacobs R, et al. Electroencephalographic abnormalities during sleep in children with developmental speech-language disorders: a case-control study. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009;51:228-34.
14. Lévy–Rueff M, Bourgeois M, Assous A, Beauquier– Maccota B, Boucheron E, Clouard C, et al. Abnormal electroencephalography results and specific language impairment: Towards a theoretical neurodevelopmental model? Encephale. 2012;38(4):318–28.
15. Valdizán JR, Rodríguez-Mena D, Díaz-Sardi M. Trastorno del lenguaje expresivo y actividad paroxística focal. Rev Neurol. 2011;52 (Supl 1):S135-S140.
16. Gordon N. Cognitive functions and epileptic activity. Seizure. 2000;9:184–8.
17. Papazian O, Alfonso I, García–Galarreta V. Efecto de las descargas epileptiformes interictales sobre las funciones cognitivas en niños con epilepsia idiopática. Rev Neurol. 2003;36(3):282–4.
18. García-Peñas JJ. Repercusión neurocognitiva de las descargas epileptiformes interictales en el niño. Rev Neurol. 2011;52 (Supl 1):S43-52.
19. Badcock NA, Bishop DVM, Hardiman MJ, Barry JG, Watkins KE. Co-localisation of abnormal brain structure and function in specific language impairment. Brain Lang. 2012;120(3):310-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.10.006
20. Liégeois F, Mayes A, Morgan A. Neural correlates of developmental speech and language disorders: evidence from neuroimaging. Curr Dev Disord Rep. 2014;1:215-27.
21. Muñoz-Yunta JA, Palau-Baduell M, Salvadó-Salvadó B, Rosendo N, Valls-Santasusana A, Perich-Alsina X, et al. Trastornos específicos del lenguaje: diagnóstico, tipificación y estudios con magnetoencefalografía. Rev Neurol. 2005;40 (Supl 1):S115-9.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
23. Mendoza E. La investigación actual en el Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje. Rev Logopedia, Foniatría y Fonoaudiología. 2012;32:75-86.
