Trastornos del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson
Resumen
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la frecuencia de presentación de los trastornos del sueño según edad, sexo y tiempo de evolución.
MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal por medio de una entrevista, examen clÃnico y estudio de polisomnografÃa a 77 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Parkinson, remitidos al Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, La Habana, Cuba, en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2014 a enero de 2018. Se evaluó la edad, sexo y el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de Parkinson en función de los trastornos del sueño diagnosticados por polisomnografÃa. Se empleó la estadÃstica descriptiva, asà como el análisis no paramétrico (Kruskal-Wallis).
RESULTADOS: La evaluación mostró resultados dentro de parámetros normales en 6,49 % de los pacientes, trastorno del comportamiento del sueño de movimientos oculares rápidos en 29,87 %, insomnio en 29,87 % (principalmente, el tipo de mantenimiento del sueño), sÃndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en 25,97 % y el sÃndrome de piernas inquietas asociado con el movimiento periódico de las piernas durante el sueño en 7,79 %. Estos trastornos presentaron un comportamiento similar entre ambos sexos, asà como una tendencia a empeorar con la edad y el tiempo de evolución.
CONCLUSIONES: Se detectó una alta prevalencia de trastornos del sueño en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, los cuales no reflejan variaciones de acuerdo con el sexo; sin embargo, fueron más frecuentes en los pacientes de mayor edad o de mayor tiempo de evolución.
Palabras clave
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